Socio-environmental issues of high impact on human health are attuning intensely to contemporary transitions and dilemmas, also in respect of the classic science, in ways of backing political decisions. This context asks for participation of the subjects of risks in the production and control of the quality of knowledge, as well as in the governance processes by means of the increasing scale of uncertainties and decision stakes. As a starting point, there is this experience in participatory research in indigenous land in the Brazilian Amazon, which is being used in this thesis as a critical evaluation of different aspects of research and intervention projects, focusing on socio-environmental and health contexts. Conjoining the presuppositions of the post-normal science, a classification of selected articles, through a systematic review on the theme, was made, categorizing aspects of the application of participatory instruments, scales of approach and functionality of the described experiences. Among the one hundred and seventy selected articles, only ten represented de highest grade of participatory dialogic by means of cyclic combinations of instruments and focus on emerging phenomena. All the others performed very successful participations, although not representing a perspective of sustainability, once they didn’t converse with prospective future scenarios and/or didn’t offer means of connection by global-local dynamics, which are constant inductors of risk reproduction. By means of the panorama offered by the bibliographic review, it was possible to identify that a new paradigm of relations between science, society and politics is just beginning.

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