Dear editor: Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram-negative organism associated with serious diseases; while 13 meningococcal serogroups have been described, most cases are associated with serogroups; A, B, C, X, Y and W.¹1. Hill DJ, Griffiths NJ, Borodina E, Virji M. Cellular and molecular biology of Neisseria meningitidis colonization and invasive disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2010;118(9):547-64. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20090513
https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20090513... The General Epidemiology Department (DGE, by its acronym in Spanish) of Mexico reported 37 cases of meningococcal meningitis in 2017 (0.02 cases per 100 000 persons) and 20 cases in the first semester of 2018, none of them from the state of Nuevo León.²2. Dirección General de Epidemiología. Boletín Epidemiológico: Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Sistema Único de Información 2018 - Semana Epidemiológica 1. 2018;1(35) [cited 2019 Apr 20]. Available from:Available from:https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/287502/sem01.pdf
https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachmen... ^,33. Dirección General de Epidemiología. Boletín Epidemiológico: Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Sistema Único de Información 2018 - Semana Epidemiológica 32. 2018;32(35) [cited 2019 Apr 20]. Available from:Available from:https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/371200/sem32.pdf
https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachmen...

Between August 2018 and March 2019, our laboratory confirmed 10 cases of meningococcal infection; with eight patients from the university hospital and two from two other hospitals.

A confirmed case was defined as described by the CDC. The isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF and the subgroup by standard agglutination. Seven of the 10 cases were meningococcal meningitis, and the other three were respiratory infections.

The cases of meningitis presented the classic signs and symptoms of meningitis plus the purpuric lesions characteristic of meningococcemia. All but one of the patients were adults. The most important laboratory characteristics are listed in table I. Serotyping was performed in eight out of the 10 patients, with three isolates detected to be C, three Y and two W.

The case fatality ratio was 30% (3/10). Two fatalities presented invasive meningococcal disease, developed septic shock, multiple organ failure, and ultimately succumbed. Out of the three patients with respiratory isolates, two were patients with pneumonia and one had pulmonary infiltrates believed to be metastatic without signs or symptoms of pneumonia. The cumulative incidence was calculated as 0.27 per 100 000 persons for meningitis/meningococcemia and 0.39 per 100 000 persons for all meningococcal infection during the study period.⁴4. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Número de habitantes en 2015 en el estado de Nuevo León. México: INEGI [cited 2019 Apr 20]. Available from:Available from:http://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/monografias/informacion/nl/poblacion/
http://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/monografias... None of the patients had a history of meningococcal vaccination nor were they epidemiologically linked with one another. All close contacts and exposed healthcare personnel received prophylaxis with either ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone, and none of them developed an infection.

The active surveillance of N. meningitidis during the last 13 years showed that this species is the main cause of bacterial meningitis in the pediatric population in Tijuana, a city in northern Mexico, bordering San Diego CA, USA.⁵5. Chacon-Cruz E, Roberts C, Rivas-Landeros RM, Lopatynsky-Reyes EZ, Almada-Salazar LA, Alvelais-Palacios JA. Pediatric meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Group B Streptococcus in Tijuana, Mexico: active/prospective surveillance 2005-2018. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2019;6:2049936119832274. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049936119832274
https://doi.org/10.1177/2049936119832274... In that study, the predominant serotypes were C, Y and B. In our report, the serotypes were C, Y and W.

The increasing number of cases have a special impact on several levels; on healthcare professionals and the public due to potential exposure (in most cases) without previous vaccination. In addition, the national and international epidemiologic repercussions such as a high bilateral flow of the local and migrant population that use this region as passage since Nuevo León is a bordering state with the United States of America.

This work reports the considerable increase in the number of cases of infection by N. meningitidis in Nuevo León, with the notable circulation of serogroup W, which has an increasing incidence and has been reported in Africa, South America, but has not been predominant in Mexico or on the border between the United States and Mexico.⁶6. Peterson ME, Li Y, Bita A, Moureau A, Nair H, Kyaw MH, et al. Meningococcal Surveillance Group. Meningococcal serogroups and surveillance: a systematic review and survey. J Glob Health. 2019;9(1):010409. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.09.010409
https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.09.010409... It is important to increase epidemiological surveillance and reevaluate the primary prevention strategy.

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