Abstracts

Introduction

The underreporting of occupational accidents hinders their management. What is not be measured, cannot be managed. [Unknown authorship]

Occupational accidents are complex phenomena and a great problem for public health throughout the world. In Brazil, they are responsible for the main health problems of workers, with steep social and economic costs¹1 Luz LDP, Andrade AN. Acidente de trabalho típico e bipoder. Fractal, Rev Psicol 2012; 24(2):253-270.

2 Vilela RAG, Almeida IM, Mendes RWB. Da vigilância para prevenção de acidentes de trabalho: contribuição da ergonomia da atividade. Cien Saude Colet 2012; 17(10):2817-2830.

3 Oliveira SG. Indenizações por Acidente do Trabalho ou Doença Ocupacional. 5ª ed. São Paulo: LTr; 2009. ^{- 4}4 Cabral LAA. Abre a CAT? Nexo Causal no Acidente do Trabalho/Doença Ocupacional. 2ª ed. São Paulo: LTr; 2012.. An occupational accident is classified in Brazil in two types: typical accident, that we call type one, and occupational disease, that we will convene to call type two. This classification has merely didactic effects, as in Brazilian legislation there is only a definition of the typical accident. The other modalities are conditions that are equivalent to it, such as diseases arising from labor and transportation accidents from going to and fro work³3 Oliveira SG. Indenizações por Acidente do Trabalho ou Doença Ocupacional. 5ª ed. São Paulo: LTr; 2009. ^{, 4}4 Cabral LAA. Abre a CAT? Nexo Causal no Acidente do Trabalho/Doença Ocupacional. 2ª ed. São Paulo: LTr; 2012..

The emergence of a focus on Workers' Health, as a process in an institution, began to acquire greater visibility based on a multiplicity of experiences that convened health professionals and well as union militants, the academic world and other social players. The emergence of "new characters" in the Brazilian political scene at the end of the 1970´s and beginning of the 1980´s found fertile ground in the protests for health reform in the country. This was a time when the public nature of health policies was redeemed and a new health system was built (advocated in the 8^th National Health Conference and subsequently materialized in the - Unified Health System, SUS).

It is during this period, with intense debates and struggles favoring the re-democratization of the country that the Centro Brasileiro de Saúde - CEBES, founded in 1976, defined as the three broad priorities for the period: Demographic Policies, Environmental and Occupational Health, and the National Health Policy. The following year, a group of unions and worker federations in Sao Paulo created the Departamento Intersindical de Estudos e Pesquisas de Saúde e dos Ambientes de Trabalho - DIESAT (Inter-Union Department for Studies and Research in Health and Labor Environments), with a decisive role in the construction of a new way of thinking and a new field practice in relations between health and labor⁵5 Lopes JCC. A Voz do Dono e o Dono da Voz: Trabalho, Saúde e Cidadania no Cotidiano Fabril. São Paulo: Hucitec; 2000..

The 1980´s was rich in experiences, characterized by the plurality of ideological currents and policies attempting to build and consolidate projects that advocated for workers' health. Some of the protests made that period the "golden age" of consolidation of Worker's Health. As an alternative response to the visions and traditional practices linked to Occupational Medicine there were: debates organized at universities; exchanges between union members and Brazilian health professionals, the workers movement and Italian institutions; the creation of departments and consultancy in unions; implementation of Programs and Reference Centers; publication of texts, editions of books and translations referring to the matter; workers' health weeks (Semsats); the growth of articles on the issue in the union press, denouncing the precarious labor conditions, accidents and "the slow death in factories"⁵5 Lopes JCC. A Voz do Dono e o Dono da Voz: Trabalho, Saúde e Cidadania no Cotidiano Fabril. São Paulo: Hucitec; 2000.

6 Lacaz FAC. O campo Saúde do Trabalhador: resgatando conhecimentos e práticas sobre as relações trabalho-saúde. Cad Saude Publica 2007, 23(4):757-766. ^{- 7}7 Gomes CM, Lacaz FAC. Saúde do trabalhador: novas-velhas questões. Cien Saude Colet 2005, 10(4):797-807..

Based on the multiplicity of new players therefore, of institutional and alternative spaces, Workers' Health began to gain visibility. This approach will be debated and systematized by a group of professionals connected to Collective Health, in which, markedly, the work of Asa Cristina Laurell⁸8 Laurell AC. Processo de trabalho e saúde. Saúde em Debate 1981; 11:8-22.

9 Laurell AC. A Saúde - Doença como Processo Social. In: Nunes ED, organizador. Medicina Social: aspectos teóricos. São Paulo: Global; 1983. p. 133-158.

10 Laurell AC. Saúde e Trabalho: os enfoques teóricos. In: Nunes ED, organizador. As ciências sociais em saúde na América Latina: tendências e perspectivas. Brasília: OPAS; 1985. p. 255-276. ^{- 11}11 Laurell AC, Noriega M. Processo de Produção e Saúde; trabalho e desgate operário. São Paulo: Hucitec; 1989., Jaime Breilh¹²12 Breilh J. Reproducción Social y Salud: la construcción del pensamiento en medicina social y el debate ideológico. Construção do Pensamento e Debate. In: Costa DC, organizador. Epidemiologia, Teoria e Objeto. São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro: Hucitec/Abrasco; 1990. p. 137-165. ^{, 13}13 Breilh J, Granda E. Saúde na Sociedade. São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto de Saúde, Abrasco; 1986., Ana Maria Tambellini¹⁴14 Tambellini AT. O trabalho e a doença. In: Guimarães R, organizador. Saúde e medicina no Brasil: contribuição para um debate. Rio de Janeiro: Edições Graal; 1978. p. 93-119. and Maria Cecília Donnangelo¹⁵15 Donnangelo MCF. Medicina e Sociedade. São Paulo: Pioneira; 1975., among others, appear as references. Based on these works, there will be a construction of a way of think and acting, when it comes to the ties between the health-disease process and ways the working classes live, produce and reproduce. The interfaces between health and work acquired, in this context, a public nature, materialized in several union and institutional projects that took away the tutelage from the working bodies from the exclusive and private spaces of Medical Services of Companies (SESMT).

The emergence of Reference Centers and Workers' Health Programs, incorporated to the public network that offered services and open to the participation of union movements, allowed for the construction of an alternative model, not only for the democratic management of public equipment and to fulfill the needs of workers, but also for interventions in plant floors. Assistance to workers through these programs made it possible to unravel an epidemic of occupational diseases that all knew existed, but that were locked up in the archives and drawers of the SESMT of companies. Deleting and hiding of accident records and of diseases by workers themselves, unions and public surveillance entities end up being an effective denial of the "Rule of Law", of "one´s own property" - the basis for any political institutional building of bourgeois citizenship. The lack of reporting of such records - besides the denial of publicly relevant statistical data - operates an ideological procedure that seeks to erase the negative effects of the organization of work on people's lives. Upon freely listing some events and characters that marked the appearance and the construction of the focus on Workers' Health, we want to prove that this field was set up (and continues to be set up) in the midst of a territory of disputers among the various rationalities that seek to impose their concepts, their visions. Thus, standards and practices are set up to expand or to restrict, to unveil or to hide not only the connections between forms of production and the fabrication of accidents and diseases, but also which are the agents with the legal prerogative to act upon and give the final verdict in cases of litigation⁵5 Lopes JCC. A Voz do Dono e o Dono da Voz: Trabalho, Saúde e Cidadania no Cotidiano Fabril. São Paulo: Hucitec; 2000.

6 Lacaz FAC. O campo Saúde do Trabalhador: resgatando conhecimentos e práticas sobre as relações trabalho-saúde. Cad Saude Publica 2007, 23(4):757-766. ^{- 7}7 Gomes CM, Lacaz FAC. Saúde do trabalhador: novas-velhas questões. Cien Saude Colet 2005, 10(4):797-807..

Part of this outlook is the proposal for a new category of occupational accident, going beyond the mere classification aspect, with the purpose not only of establishing a connection between two events that are separate in time (the accident and the disease). This would reinforce surveillance practices -, but also become a counterpart to present-day legislation, that, by privileging the monetary approach and reparations almost exclusively, no longer grants priority to the defense of workers health, and the need to put in place actions that will be able to act upon their conditions and determinants. The creation of the SUS¹⁶16 Brasil. Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Diário Oficial da União 1988; 5 out. , in 1988; its subsequent regulation through Act no. 8,080/1990¹⁷17 Brasil. Presidência da República/Ministério da Saúde; Lei nº 8.080, de 19 de setembro de 1990. Dispõe sobre as condições para a promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde, a organização e o funcionamento dos serviços correspondentes e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União 1990; 20 set.; the proposal of a new National Policy for Workers' Health through Inter-Ministerial Ordinance no. 153/2004¹⁸18 Brasil. Portaria Interministerial nº 153, de 13 de fevereiro de 2004. Dispõe sobre medidas e ações integradas e sinérgicas que contribuam para a segurança e saúde do trabalhador. Diário Oficial da União 2004; 16 fev., and the Pact for Health, in 2006¹⁹19 Brasil. Portaria nº 399/GM, de 22 de fevereiro de 2006. Divulga o Pacto pela Saúde 2006 - Consolidação do SUS e aprova as Diretrizes Operacionais do referido Pacto. Diário Oficial da União 2006; 23 fev., among other events, point to the preeminent need to harmonize standards and articulate promotion, protection and health rehabilitation of workers. The clear priority is prevention actions and the transformation of unhealthy working environments that clash against the logic of reparation and monetization of risks.

The contribution of this work is aligned to this. Therefore, the aim of this work is to contribute to broadening the definition of occupational accidents, to facilitate establishing that causal connection. It is designed to emphasize prevention and workers' health surveillance activities, in contrast to what prevails at present, notably in standards, in social security and labor legislation, in which the logic of reparation and monetization stands out, in detriment of the defense of workers health.

Methods

The methodology applied was a review of the Brazilian labor and social security legislation, with a focus on occupational accidents, seeking to identify the rationale and the technical-legal discourse present in institutions that attempt to appropriate themselves of the definition and its domain, in detriment of the defense of workers health. For this, we used analytical techniques comparing texts of these discourses, comparing texts referring to the issue and those that appear in the Brazilian legislation. The importance of each legal text was inferred, based on specific factors determined in each of them, relating to occupational accidents, such as the definition, type, equivalence, characterization and classification of the type of accident.

To facilitate the task, we proposed to seek answers to the three questions:

Results and discussion: Advocating for the Inclusion of a Third Type of Occupational Accident

According to Oliveira³3 Oliveira SG. Indenizações por Acidente do Trabalho ou Doença Ocupacional. 5ª ed. São Paulo: LTr; 2009., the difference between a typical accident and an occupational disease is that "the first is characterized by the occurrence of a sudden fact (what is highlighted is that it is instantaneous) and the second sets itself in insidiously." For Brandão²⁰20 Brandão CM. Acidente do Trabalho e Responsabilidade Civil do Empregador. São Paulo: LTr; 2006., the accident is distinguished by a corporal or psychic lesion that results from a sudden action of an external cause, while a disease is characterized by a foreseen cause, with a lesion or disorder that sets in slowly. Along these lines, Cabral⁴4 Cabral LAA. Abre a CAT? Nexo Causal no Acidente do Trabalho/Doença Ocupacional. 2ª ed. São Paulo: LTr; 2012. states that the typical accident has a well-defined date and time, while an occupational disease does not have a well-defined date and much less a time. However, in certain situations, an occupational disease (with no set time or date) can be caused by a type accident (with a defined date and time), as in the case of a healthcare worker with hepatitis B resulting from a lesion caused by a contaminated needle. In this case, although the onset is slow, the occupational disease had as its cause a sudden event, an accident while exercising work, and here we observe a hybrid condition³3 Oliveira SG. Indenizações por Acidente do Trabalho ou Doença Ocupacional. 5ª ed. São Paulo: LTr; 2009.. This denomination proposed - "double type accident" - would allow for a more precise analysis of occurrences that affect workers health, besides making it possible to harmonize and characterize occupational accidents, especially this type of hybrid accident modality. This would reduce the potential for incorrect conclusions, with consequent underreporting of legitimate occupational accidents. According to Cordeiro²¹21 Cordeiro R, Sakate M, Clemente APG, Diniz CS, Donalisio MR. Subnotificação de acidentes do trabalho não fatais em Botucatu, SP, 2002. Rev Saude Publica 2005; 39(2):254-260., the implementation of policies and prevention and intervention measures, as regards occupational accidents, are made ever more difficult due to notification failures, which becomes more evident when dealing with workers in informal economy.

The underreporting of occupational accidents is a great problem in the public health context, and a current practice among companies, a fact that hinders surveillance actions as well as granting workers the labor and social security rights conquered. Furthermore, there is an ideological role, that of hiding the deleterious impacts of productive organization on the health of workers⁴4 Cabral LAA. Abre a CAT? Nexo Causal no Acidente do Trabalho/Doença Ocupacional. 2ª ed. São Paulo: LTr; 2012. ^{, 21}21 Cordeiro R, Sakate M, Clemente APG, Diniz CS, Donalisio MR. Subnotificação de acidentes do trabalho não fatais em Botucatu, SP, 2002. Rev Saude Publica 2005; 39(2):254-260. ^{, 22}22 Fiorezi JMS, Vieira GCS. Subnotificação de acidentes de trabalho entre profissionais de enfermagem. Nursing (São Paulo) 2012; 14(165):96-100..

Various factors contribute to the underreporting of Occupational Accidents, beginning with those connected to the type of occurrence, the investigation methodology and the reporting per se, all the way to approval by the Instituto Nacional de Seguridade Social - INSS [National Social Security Institute]. Through this chain of events, some causal factors for underreporting stand out: wrong interpretation of the accident, as not being severe; accidents with minor lesions or disorders, or even without lesions or disorders, with no disabilities, as happens with biological accidents; and catastrophic occurrences⁴4 Cabral LAA. Abre a CAT? Nexo Causal no Acidente do Trabalho/Doença Ocupacional. 2ª ed. São Paulo: LTr; 2012. ^{, 22}22 Fiorezi JMS, Vieira GCS. Subnotificação de acidentes de trabalho entre profissionais de enfermagem. Nursing (São Paulo) 2012; 14(165):96-100.

23 Almeida PCA, Barbosa-Branco A. Acidentes de trabalho no Brasil: prevalência, duração e despesa previdenciária dos auxílios-doença. Rev Bras Saúde Ocup 2011; 36(124):195-207.

24 Teixeira MLP, Fischer FM. Acidentes e doenças do trabalho notificadas, de motoristas profissionais do Estado de São Paulo. São Paulo Perspect 2008; 2(1):66-78. Hennington EA, Monteiro M. O perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes de trabalho no Vale dos Sinos e o sistema de vigilância em saúde do trabalhador. Hist Ciênc Saúde-Manguinhos 2006; 13(4):865-876.

25 Neves EB. Gerenciamento do risco ocupacional no Exército Brasileiro: aspectos normativos e práticos. Cad Saude Publica 2007; 23(9):2127-2133.

26 Souza NSS, Santana VS, Oliveira PRA, Barbosa-Branco A. Doenças do trabalho e benefícios previdenciários relacionados à saúde, Bahia, 2000. Rev Saude Publica 2008; 42(4):630-638. ^{- 27}27 Galdino A, Santana VS, Ferrite S. Os Centros de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador e a notificação de acidentes de trabalho no Brasil. Cad Saude Publica 2012; 28(1):145-159..

As long as they are adequately organized and trained, the Reference Centers in Workers' Health (CEREST) contribute to reporting occupational accidents, especially the more serious ones. In a survey carried out about accident reporting in one of the CEREST, the conclusion was there is an increase in occupational accident reporting when the center has good structure and physical facilities, and the size and personal training are sufficient to meet the demand and disseminate the center through the media²⁸28 Vieira CEC. O nexo causal entre transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e trabalho: controvérsias acerca do laudo de uma perícia judicial. Rev Bras Saúde Ocup 2009; 34(120):150-162..

Among the examples of a double type accident, what stands out is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - PTSD (ICD F43.1). This is a mental disorder with growing prevalence in Brazil, impacted by the increase in social violence, by the incorporation of "hazardous technologies" and high risk manufacturing plants that escape the control of workers and society. Notwithstanding this, their rates are unknown. To diagnose this condition and its relation with work, it is indispensable to know the occurrence prior to the catastrophic occupational event, without which, both (diagnosis and causal connection) are hampered²⁹29 Buodo G, Novara C, Ghisi M, Palomba D. Posttraumatic and Depressive Symptoms in Victims of Occupational Accidents. Depress Res Treat 2012;(2012):1-8.

30 Camargo DA, Caetano D, Guimarães LAM. Psiquiatria ocupacional: Aspectos conceituais, diagnósticos e periciais dos transtornos mentais e do comportamento relacionados ao trabalho. Belo Horizonte: Atheneu; 2007. ^{- 31}31 Steffgen G. Physical violence at the workplace: consequences on health and measures of prevention. Rev Eur Psychol Appl 2008; 58(4):285-295..

Therefore, the recognition of the two events (accidents type one and two) as being unique (double type accident) establishes that causal connection between the two and a more integral approach for surveillance systems, making them more visible for a retrospective reference , based on the date of occurrence of the catastrophic event, as a retrospective one, based on the PTSD.

This coming together is indispensable, considering that the two events (catastrophic event and diagnosis of PTSD) can be separated by long timeframes, therefore making it difficult to prove the connection. Consequently, in the diagnosis of PTSD, previous knowledge of the patient´s exposure to a catastrophic event is as important as the clinical picture of the disease, and is decisive information to establish its relation with the work and its organization.

Formal registry and control of catastrophic accidents, through their recognition as being legitimate occupational accidents (type one accident), as well as the identification and follow-up of workers involved, will contribute to the prevention of PTSD (type two accident). We should consider that psychological attention is essential in the therapeutic process and at all stages of rehabilitation, both psychosocial and professional. Furthermore it will facilitate, going forward, establishing the causal connection and defining harmonious and integrated actions among the different institutional entities responsible for the prevention of these events, and treatment, reparation and rehabilitation of workers³²32 Hensel J, Bender A, Bacchiochi J, Pelletier M, Dewa CS. A descriptive study of a specialized worker's psychological trauma program. Occup Med (Lond) 2010; 60(8):654-657..

Chart 1 presents the legislation texts of Act no. 8213/91, selected and deemed pertinent for the discussion of the proposal for nomenclature "double type accident",presented in this study³³33 Brasil. Lei nº 8.213, de 24 de Julho de 1991. Dispõe sobre os planos de benefícios da Previdência. Social e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União 1991; 25 jul.. In terms of characterizing this as an occupational accident, NR 32 gains importance, since it makes it mandatory to issue the Communication of Occupational Accident (CAT) in occurrences with or without the worker having to cease work. We can define occupational accidents in two types, the typical accident and disease related to work³3 Oliveira SG. Indenizações por Acidente do Trabalho ou Doença Ocupacional. 5ª ed. São Paulo: LTr; 2009.. Equivalence is set forth by Article 21, items I, II, III and IV. The technical characterization and its approval are related to INSS qualification, and determined by Article 21-A of this same Act no. 8213/91, as well as by Decree no. 3048, Article 337 and Normative Instruction 31 of the INSS, Article 3. The classification of the type of occurrence (if initially a CAT, a reopened CAT and communication of death) is set forth by the Instruction Manual to fill in the Communication of an Occupational Accident - CAT from the INSS.

Based on an evaluation of this series of laws and standards, some factors were detected that make it difficult to establish that causal connection, because of a "fragmentation or spraying" of legislation on accidents, that is distributed through various legal texts, as seen in Charts 1, 2 and 3.

Parts of Act no. 8213, of July 24^th, 1991 are highlighted. This law provides on the Social Security Benefit Plans and other measures¹⁹19 Brasil. Portaria nº 399/GM, de 22 de fevereiro de 2006. Divulga o Pacto pela Saúde 2006 - Consolidação do SUS e aprova as Diretrizes Operacionais do referido Pacto. Diário Oficial da União 2006; 23 fev.; Normative Instruction INSS/PRES no. 31, of September 10^th, 2008 (IN no. 31), that disposes on procedures and routines that refer to the Technical Social Security Connection and other measures²⁰20 Brandão CM. Acidente do Trabalho e Responsabilidade Civil do Empregador. São Paulo: LTr; 2006.; Decree no. 3048, of May 6^th, 1999, that approves the Social Security regulations and offers other provisions²¹21 Cordeiro R, Sakate M, Clemente APG, Diniz CS, Donalisio MR. Subnotificação de acidentes do trabalho não fatais em Botucatu, SP, 2002. Rev Saude Publica 2005; 39(2):254-260. and the Instructions Manual to fill in the Communication of an Occupational Accident - May 1999, drafted by the team from the Ministry of Social Security and Social Assistance - MPAS, the National Social Security Institute - INSS and the Ministry of Labor and Employment - MTE, aimed to offer guidance to correctly fill in the Communication of an Occupational Accident - CAT²²22 Fiorezi JMS, Vieira GCS. Subnotificação de acidentes de trabalho entre profissionais de enfermagem. Nursing (São Paulo) 2012; 14(165):96-100..

Legal clashes or differences (representing conflicts in legislation, the temporary disassociation between those moments of diagnosis of a disease relating to work and the occurrence of the causal event) oftentimes result in underreporting of the occupational accident. This legal antinomy is a situation that can be seen in Chart 1, in the characterization of the occupational accident, in Article 21, paragraph 1, item c, which is not considered an occupational disease and producing incapacity to work.

Based only on this item, most of the biological accidents with sharps and needles, or even blood splashed in the eyes of healthcare professionals would not be deemed occupational accidents for not leading to disability. However, in the same Chart 1, NR 32, item 32.2.3.5, sets forth that in any accident occurrence involving biological risks, with or without the worker having to leave work, a CAT- Communication of Occupational Accident has to be issued, to resolve the situation. Similarly, in exposures to animal rabies, such as a dog bite or lick (generally also without the ability to generate labor incapacity, although a legitimate occupational accident) would also discard the causal connection with the job, as mentioned in Article 21, paragraph 1, item c, of Act no. 8213. In this situation, another article of the same law, Article 21, item I, determining that situations that "demand medical attention for their recovery" be considered occupational accidents, and this would legally protect the event as being an occupational accident.

Among the occupational accidents that could potentially generate a double type accident (biological accident, exposure to animal rabies, radioactive accident and catastrophic event), only the catastrophic event does not present standardized procedures through an official protocol.

As a result, there is no systematic investigation of most of the catastrophic accidents and, consequently, underreporting of such events. As catastrophic events we can mention those occurring with individuals who were victims of or witnessed great disasters, serious accidents, situations with imminent danger in complex plant facilities, or who witnessed the violent death of other peers at work, suffered torture or lived through situations of terrorism, rape of others.

Although exposure to catastrophic events is not exclusive to a professional category, studies are scarce and restricted to small groups that are commonly described: bank employees being held up at arms point, subway train conductors after episodes when people are run down; workers who witnessed serious or fatal accidents. In a literature review study, it was observed that 10 to 18% of cases of violence at work develop symptoms that comply with the criteria for PTSD³¹31 Steffgen G. Physical violence at the workplace: consequences on health and measures of prevention. Rev Eur Psychol Appl 2008; 58(4):285-295.. A similar study observed that 44% of workerswho have been through an occupational accident comply with the criteria for PTSD. Furthermore, 28.9% of individuals who have been through this trauma present moderate and severe symptoms and 10.5% presented severe symptoms of PTSD³³33 Brasil. Lei nº 8.213, de 24 de Julho de 1991. Dispõe sobre os planos de benefícios da Previdência. Social e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União 1991; 25 jul..

Among causes for doing the diagnosis of PTSD, as well as for not establishing that causal connection are the distance between the catastrophic event and appearance of clinical symptoms characterizing this mental suffering. With the proposal of "double type accident", not only will it be easier to establish the causal connection in the abovementioned situations, but also implement the surveillance actions geared to protecting health of workers, the environment and neighboring populations surrounding plant facilities with the potential to produce catastrophic events. We hope that the analysis of this proposal for the official recognition of double type accidents, making it possible to include them in the legal texts, such as Law 8213³⁴34 Brasil. Decreto nº 3.048, de 6 de Maio de 1999. Aprova o Regulamento da Previdência Social, e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União 1999; 12 maio., the Manual to Fill-in the CAT³⁵35 Brasil. Instrução Normativa INSS/Pres nº 31, de 10 de Setembro de 2008. Retificação. Dispõe sobre procedimentos e rotinas referentes ao Nexo Técnico Previdenciário e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União 2008; 11 set. and Decree 3048³⁶36 Paparelli R, Sato L, Oliveira F. A Saúde Mental relacionada ao trabalho e os desafios aos profissionais da saúde. Rev Bras Saúde Ocup 2011; 36(123):118-127., can trigger the creation of protocols to investigate the different catastrophic events that affect workers mental health³⁷37 Seligmann-Silva E. Trabalho e desgaste mental: o direito de ser dono de si mesmo. São Paulo: Cortez Editora; 2011. ^{, 38}. More specifically, we hope it will become mandatory to notify such cases, even if at first sight without "apparent" professional disability. This situation that can be circumvented with the use of the CID's Y and Z (Z56.6: other physical and mental difficulties relating to work and Y96: circumstance referring to working conditions), besides implementing preventive measures for PTSD, especially the sheltering and follow-up of the person involved.

Final considerations

The bibliographic base presented in this study, with an analysis of the legal foundation in force in Brazil, makes it possible to highlight the relevance and pertinence of proposing the introduction of this concept, the double type accident as a third type of occupational accident. Thus understood, it contributes to broadening and enhancing workers health surveillance systems, and bring together several of the institutions and social agents that act in this field, geared towards a harmonization of standards and laws that regulate this field. In fact, it is about prioritizing the defense of health and the life of workers, safety of labor spaces and their surroundings, the quality of the environment, in accordance to constitutional precepts and guidelines of the SUS - UNIFIED HEALTH SYSTEM, when faced with the reparatory and purely monetizing logic of the legislation in effect.

References

Publication Dates

History