• Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes isolated from the middle ear of Mexican children diagnosed with acute otitis media Original articles

    Gómez-Barreto, Demóstenes; Monteros, Luz Elena Espinosa de los; López-Enríquez, Claudia; Suarez, Romeo Rodríguez; Torre, Carlos de la

    Resumo em Espanhol:

    OBJETIVO: Conocer la etiología y serotipos de S. pneumoniae (Sp) en niños mexicanos, con otitis media aguda (OMA). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron las muestras de pacientes con OMA del Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (2002-2003), con cultivo positivo para Sp, (bacteriológicamente confirmados en el líquido del oído medio obtenido por timpanocentesis). Todos los Sp. fueron serotipificados. Se incluyeron 138 muestras de 135 niños con OMA. RESULTADOS: Sp. se aisló en 72 muestras de 70 niños: 60 (85.7%) eran previamente sanos y 10 (14.3%) eran inmunocomprometidos. Los serotipos más frecuentes fueron 6B y 19F (16.67%), y 6 A, 14 y 23F (15.27%). CONCLUSIONES: La distribución de los serotipos en niños con otitis media aguda fue similar a la reportada en ciudades en desarrollo y se observó que 63.9% de los serotipos aislados están incluidos en la vacuna conjugada 7-valente, 68.1% en la 10-valente y 83.3% en la 13-valente.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the etiology and the serotypes of S. pneumoniae (Sp) in Mexican children with acute otitis media (AOM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study includessamples frompatientsdiagnosed with AOM at the Federico Gomez Children's Hospital of Mexico (2002-2003),with positive culture for Sp bacteriologically confirmed in middle ear fluid obtained by tympanocentesis. All Sp were serotyped. A total of 138 samples from 135 children with AOM were included. RESULTS: Sp was isolated in 72 samples from 70 children. Sixty (85.7%) were previously healthy and 10 (14.3%) were immunocompromised. The most common serotypes were 6B and 19F (16.67%), and 6 A, 14 and 23F (15.27%). CONCLUSION: The distribution of serotypes among the children with AOM in the study is similar to that reported in developing cities, and 63.9% of the isolated serotypes are found to be included in the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV), 68.1% in the 10-Valent PCV and 83.3% in 13-Valent PCV.
  • The physical activity level of Mexican children decreases upon entry to elementary school Original articles

    Jáuregui, Alejandra; Villalpando, Salvador; Rangel-Baltazar, Eduardo; Castro-Hernández, Jessica; Lara-Zamudio, Yaveth; Méndez-Gómez-Humarán, Ignacio

    Resumo em Português:

    OBJETIVO: Comparar los patrones de actividad física (AF) en una cohorte de niños mexicanos en el jardín de niños, primer y segundo grado de primaria. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se midió anualmente la AF (acelerometría triaxial de cinco días completos) en 217 niños (123 niñas y 94 niños) de 5 a 6 años de edad. Se calculó la AF moderada/vigorosa (AFMV) entre semana y de fin de semana, dentro y fuera del horario escolar. Se realizaron comparaciones mediante modelos lineales generalizados multinivel longitudinales. RESULTADOS: La AFMV entre semana fue 22 (p=0.06) y 37 min/d (p<0.01) menor, y la AFMV durante el horario escolar disminuyó 37 (-5.0 min/h) y 40% (-5.5 min/h) (p<0.001), en 1º y 2º de primaria,respectivamente,comparado con el jardín de niños.No se encontraron diferencias en la AFMV de fin de semana o fuera del horario escolar entre los grados escolares (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONES: La AFMV disminuyó de manera significativa del jardín de niños a 2º de primaria en parte debido a una reducción de AFMV durante las actividades escolares. Es necesaria la promoción de intervenciones enfocadas a la modificación del ambiente escolar.

    Resumo em Inglês:

    OBJECTIVE: To compare the physical activity patterns of a cohort of Mexican children in kindergarten (K), first (1ES) and second grade (2ES) of elementary school. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The physical activity of 217 children (123 girls and 94 boys) aged 5-6 years was measured (five full-day triaxial accelerometry) annually.Weekday and weekend moderate/ vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and school and off-school MVPA was calculated. Comparisons between surveys were made using longitudinal multilevel generalized linear models. RESULTS: Weekday MVPA was 22 and 37 min/d lower for 1ES (p=0.06) and 2ES (p<0.01), respectively, compared to K. School MVPA for 1ES and 2ES was 37 (-5.0 min/h) and 40% (-5.5 min/h) (p<0.001) lower, respectively, compared to K. No differences were found between weekend and off-school MVPA among school stages (p>0.5). CONCLUSION: MVPA was significantly reduced from K to ES,in part because of a decline in MVPA during school activities. Interventions targeted to school environment modifications should be promoted.
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Cuernavaca - Morelos - Mexico
E-mail: spm@insp3.insp.mx